The Livesey Lab investigates the development, evolution and degeneration of the brain by studying neurons grown from stem cells (usually derived from skin samples).Neuronscan be grown in Petri dishes either as a layer of cells or as structured spheres of tissue called ‘organoids’. Using these cell models, researchers are able to compare neurons of patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease with unaffected neurons to study the underlying mechanisms of the disease.

In his piece, David considers what it means to be an embodied subject (a human) looking at something that might have its own consciousness. There still isn’t a satisfactory scientific explanation of what human consciousness actually is and how we can discover whether a bundle of neurons in a dish has something that doesn’t have a definition. This work is about the very act of looking at something and what that means, what we choose to look at, and what we choose to understand from that act of looking.

Rachel explored the hybrid and fluid concepts of ‘naturalness and artificialness’, usually by focusing on environments, ecologies and ecosystems from the point of view of non-human agents such as plants, minerals, worms, water, rubber or gravity.

Her piece is based on  conversations with members of the Miska Lab at the Gurdon Institute. The Miska Lab investigates epigenomics (how genes and other stretches of DNA in cells can be influenced to be switched“on” or “off” to influence the generation of different cells within the body). When epigenetics influencing gene expression goes wrong, infertility or cancer can result. To study this mechanism, the lab uses human cell cultures, and model organisms: nematode worms, honey bees, mice, and African cichlid fish.In addition to looking at the DNA in their cells, scientists also examine colour patterns on cichlid fish using a mathematical framework developed by Alan Turing. This analysis helps us to understand more about how new species form.

The ZegermanLab uses baker’s yeast, also known as S. cerevisiae, as a tool to investigate how DNA is copied and transmitted from cell to daughter cell in a process called DNA replication. This process must be completed accurately before a cell can divide. The lab is studying how this works because inaccuracies in DNA replication contribute to cancer in humans.

Laura says: Budding yeast cells behave in a very similar way to humans, and we often use human characteristics to describe their behaviour. When looking after a sourdough yeast starter, you need to wake it up from its sleep to make bread. When budding yeast cells are active, they divide. They breathe out carbon dioxide. They interact with each other. They shmoo (flirt) to find a mate. They live in colonies.